The sphincter and the perineum play an essential role in human urinary function. For both men and women, it is important to understand how they function and to take the necessary measures to preserve them and avoid any dysfunction.

The male urinary system (> daughter 3) functions mechanically in part. Each of its organs plays a crucial role.

Indeed, the bladder sphincter plays a retention role. It provides a hermetic barrier between the bladder and the urethra. It is only released at the time of urination to allow the evacuation of urine. It controls the effort and guarantees comfort.

The perineum is a muscle located between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx. In addition to its role in the sexual function, it guarantees the proper functioning of the sphincter thanks to its action on the anus and the urethra. It is this that allows them to be opened or kept closed by contraction, depending on whether or not you want to urinate.

When the sphincter and perineum no longer function properly, urine is no longer retained in the bladder and leads to incontinence (> art. mère), through uncontrolled leakage.

This incontinence, whether it is stress incontinence, urge incontinence or incontinence due to another pathology (> daughter 1), increases the number of trips to the toilet in an emergency. Depending on its severity, it can turn into real handicap This is a major challenge in everyday life and requires a lot of time and travel management.

The management of bladder weakness often requires the use of palliative solutionsThis is why it is so important to have a good understanding of the disease, to make it go unnoticed and to continue one's professional and social life as if nothing had happened. Nevertheless, this pathology, which still suffers from many taboos, can also have serious consequences on morale and the patient's psychological state.

This is therefore an emergency situation, which should not be neglected, and should be dealt with quickly by approaching a urologist.

After an assessment and determination of the causes of the incontinence, the specialist will be able to determine the appropriate treatment (> daughter 2).

The treatments prescribed may be medicinal or surgical depending on the situation. They are generally accompanied by preventive instructions to living better with bladder weaknessor even to reduce them. These include:

• Improved health practices,
• The practice of an appropriate sporting activity,
• Adopting a healthy and balanced diet,
• The practice of perineal rehabilitation exercises.

Depending on the context and theclinical examinationIn addition to the above, there are a number of options for regaining control over urinary tract dysfunction.

In addition to drug treatments involving chemical exchanges between molecules (anticholinergics, muscle relaxants), there are surgical treatments. Among the most common are:

• Retro urethral strips;
• Latero-urethral balloons;
• The artificial sphincter.

With a cure rate A complete artificial sphincter is a medical device implanted in the body. It is used under anaesthesiaHowever, this surgical procedure requires a rather heavy medical protocol and post-operative follow-up. This is why this solution is more often proposed to treatsevere incontinence. In this case, the artificial sphincter replaces the failing natural sphincter, which can no longer perform its continence role effectively.

Similar solutions, but less invasiveThe penis clamps are located on the outside of the penis and can be adjusted to fit any size of penis (> art. 7). Placed externally, directly on the penis, they can be adjusted in based on anatomy and comfort These act like an artificial sphincter, as the patient is looking for one. Since they do not require surgery, they have the advantage of providing a simple and effective solution.

Finally, nothing is more effective in regaining control than to remould the weakened urinary-perineal area. Re-education (> art. 6) is the best way to do this. The objective To reduce the involuntary discharge of urinary incontinence.

Rehabilitation consists of strengthening muscle exercises of the pelvic floor related to urination. In general, the physiotherapist also works on the patient's overall behaviour and lifestyle (> art. blog 3).

Stimulation of the muscles helps to regain a sense of tone sufficient and take control smoothly on bladder weakness. The exercises of Kegel are among the best known and most effective.

Most often prescribed in the first instance In cases of incontinence, rehabilitation may also be recommended as a complement to other treatments. Conversely, when rehabilitation alone is not enough, other treatments can be considered to give the recovery a chance to succeed.